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财税金融助力发展新质生产力 积极支持生物经济发展_我的网站

一 |     今年的《政府工作报告》提出，积极打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎。生物制造是利用生物组织或生物体（酶、微生物细胞等）进行物质加工，生产相关产品的先进工业模式。

二 | 作为生物经济的重点发展方向，生物制造是培育新质生产力的重要手段之一。财税金融政策如何在生物制造行业的基础研究、成果转化、应用落地等方面加大支持力度，助力加快发展新质生产力，记者在全国多地进行采访。    During the two-day visit, the American head of state will meet with Israel's top officials. These will include the new prime minister, Yair Lapid, alternate PM Naftali Bennett, as well as opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu. He is also set to visit an Iron Dome missile defense base, a system developed jointly by the US and Israel.,The main focus of the US president’s upcoming trip will be a stop in Saudi Arabia, Danny Ayalon, Israel's former ambassador to the US, believes,"In the upcoming trip, the focus will be on Jeddah. Of course, the Saudis will not normalize relations with Israel but cooperation will be on the table.",Riyadh has repeatedly said that a normalization pact with Israel is not possible unless the Palestinian issue is resolved. Israel, which has just entered a transitional period ahead of the November midterm elections is not in a position to offer concessions, apart from symbolic gestures such as granting more work permits to Gazans or allowing crowds to pray at the Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.,But what Israel can offer to the Saudis, Ayalon says, is a solution to an issue that has been bothering them for years – control over the Tiran and Sanafir Islands in the Red Sea.,The two islands were under Saudi jurisdiction until 1950, when Riyadh transferred them to Egypt. Israel captured them during the Six Day War, but later returned them to Cairo as part of the 1979 bilateral peace treaty.,Egypt has been in control of the islands since then, but in 2016 President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi promised to give them back to the Saudis. However, for that to happen, he needs the consent of the Israelis, due to the terms of the 1979 agreement.,Back then, Israeli consent was not given. Now, however, it seems to be on the table, Ayalon says. He stresses that Israel may use the issue as a bargaining chip in talks on the opening of Saudi airspace for Israeli planes or on defense cooperation. The latter is crucial for Riyadh, he says, especially in light of the threat emanating from Yemen's Houthi rebels, linked to Iran.,"Of course, the Saudis will continue with their lip service to the Palestinians, but cooperation will be taking place under the radar. However, the scope of that cooperation will not be big", the former diplomat says. "There is a generation gap between the Saudi king and his son, Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, and unless there is a shift, nothing will move towards the formalization of ties," he added.,Palestinian Issue,Before Biden came to power, he vowed to support the two-state solution, resume funding for the Palestinians that was halted under his predecessor, and open the American Consulate in East Jerusalem to counter balance their embassy in the western part of the disputed city.,More than a year after his inauguration, many of the issues he had promised to resolve are still up in the air.,The US Consulate hasn't been opened in East Jerusalem yet, and doubts run high as to whether it ever will. The Palestinian Liberation Organization's office in Washington that was shut under President Donald Trump is still closed. Funds that were given to the Palestinians in the past have not been fully restored.,The Palestinians have repeatedly stressed their dissatisfaction with the lack of progress on their front, and Ayalon says the arrival of Biden is aimed at calming the mood.,"There won't be any breakthrough on the Palestinian front. But Biden does want to take some credit for the economic assistance to the Palestinians, and he does want to bolster the security cooperation between Israel and the PA, sending a message to Hamas.",Iran Nuclear Deal,Although last week another round of talks between the US and Iran ended in a stalemate, Washington is still interested in pursuing that path.,If a deal is reached, the US would remove many of its sanctions from the Islamic Republic in exchange for the ability to supervise Tehran's nuclear program.,The deal taking shape is disturbing officials in Jerusalem and Riyadh, who claim that a nuclear Iran might threaten their security, allegations Tehran has repeatedly denied. Ayalon says Biden's visit will try to mitigate the damage. He will also try to "get the support of Israel for the deal". But the Jewish state is unlikely to be convinced, even under the leadership of the more liberal Yair Lapid.,Israel’s Prime Minister Claims Iran ‘Dangerously Close’ to Obtaining Nuclear Weapons12 June, 00:10 GMT,The Israeli PM is heading to Paris on Tuesday, where he will meet President Emmanuel Macron to discuss the deal with Iran and attempts by the Islamic Republic to remove its Revolutionary Guards from the list of terror organizations.,In September, he is also planning a trip to New York, where he will address the United Nations General Assembly and raise the issue of Iran once again.,"Lapid is likely to tell Biden that Israel is not bound by this agreement, if it does happen. Israel will emphasize that it will have a free hand when it comes to Iran, and that also means that it can adhere to plan B," Ayalon said, referring to a military option.,Russia's Operation in Ukraine,However, Biden is not only going to Israel for the sake of regional issues, the former diplomat claims. His visit to Israel and Saudi Arabiacomes amid raging hostilities in Ukraine, and the US head of state will try to convince the two Middle Eastern nations to stand by the side of Washington, he adds.,Although Saudi Arabia cracked under the American pressure to pump more oil, prices on crude continue to climb, shaking the economies of the US and Europe.,Israel, on its part, has also taken a lukewarm approach vis-a-vis Ukraine. Although it has publicly denounced Russian actions, absorbed thousands of Ukrainian refugees, and provided thousands more with medical and humanitarian assistance, it has not joined sanctions against Russia. And Ayalon says his country is not planning to change its course.,"President Vladimir Putin has been friendly with Israel for all these years. Plus, we have a big Russian population in this country. So I doubt Israel will join the Western sanctions against Moscow. It is simply not in our interests," he concluded.。　　税费优惠助力医药基础研究　　位于湖南湘江新区的湖南远泰生物技术有限公司细胞药物中试防尘车间内，科研人员有条不紊地从淋巴瘤患者的血液样本中分离出T细胞，而后将靶向CD19抗原的嵌合抗原受体慢病毒传导至T细胞，经过一系列复杂步骤，最终成功制备出一批CAR—T细胞。　　在无菌空间里，这批CAR—T细胞将被培养增殖一段时间，之后被输回患者体内，用于精准杀伤肿瘤细胞。　　远泰生物专注于研发的，正是目前生物医药领域极具潜力的细胞治疗产品。细胞治疗是指采用生物工程的方法获取具有特定功能的细胞，并通过体外扩增、特殊培养等处理，使这些细胞具有增强免疫、杀死病原体和肿瘤细胞等功能，从而达到治疗某种疾病的目的。　　2001年成立以来，远泰生物加快对特异性抗体药物和基于抗体的细胞药物的科研攻关，围绕抗体、免疫细胞工程化及免疫细胞药物研发等领域，开展大量基础研究，不断取得科技突破。去年，企业委托湖南师范大学在病毒抗体快速检测技术等方面开展研究，投入基础研究资金200万元，解决了公司免疫细胞工程化过程中面临的病毒制备以及细胞来源等难题。

三 | 　　“与传统化学药物相比，细胞治疗产品具有技术迭代快、创新潜力大等特点，因此研发这类产品对公司的基础研究能力要求非常高，持续的研发投入必不可少，企业常常面临资金压力。”湖南远泰生物技术有限公司常务副总经理李乐说，可喜的是，政府部门相继出台了一系列政策，让包括基础研究在内的企业科技创新全生命周期都能享受到税收优惠。　　2022年9月，财政部和国家税务总局发布了《关于企业投入基础研究税收优惠政策的公告》，鼓励企业与科研机构合作开展基础研究。“根据公告，远泰生物去年的200万元基础研究支出，在计算应纳税所得额时可按实际发生额在税前扣除，并可按100%的比例在税前加计扣除。同时，该公司还是高新技术企业，享受15%的企业所得税税率，这两项政策优惠能为公司减免税款50万元。”湖南湘江新区税务局第二税务所一级行政执法员周熠说。　　远泰生物财务负责人廖佳丽介绍，不仅是基础研究，公司投入的所有研发费用，都能享受税收优惠政策。包括基础研究在内，该公司2023年度享受研发费用加计扣除额达910万元，为公司减免了企业所得税136.5万元。

四 | 此外，公司还享受到先进制造业企业增值税加计抵减优惠近10万元。这些税收优惠政策叠加，进一步降低了研发成本，缓解了公司的资金压力。

五 | 　　大力发展生物经济，是顺应全球生物技术加速演进趋势、实现高水平科技自立自强的必然选择。李乐介绍，远泰生物将不断加强原创性、引领性基础研究，打好关键核心技术攻坚战。“我们将以税惠政策为支点，继续深化与高校院所的研发合作，面向心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等，开展抗体及细胞药物研发，推动更多基础研究成果转化应用。”　　金融活水支持农田“减肥”增效　　正值春耕时节，走进湖北江陵县中化农业生态科技（湖北）有限公司，车间内的3条生产线正在不停运转。根据不同农产品的需要，工人们在前端的生产环节中添加科学配比的大量元素、中微量元素和有机质等，经过自动造粒、筛分、包装等七八个步骤后，这些原料被制成化肥成品。

六 | 　　《“十四五”生物经济发展规划》（以下简称《规划》）提出，顺应“解决温饱”转向“营养多元”的新趋势，发展面向农业现代化的生物农业。重点围绕生物育种、生物肥料、生物饲料、生物农药等方向，推出一批新一代农业生物产品。

七 | 　　生物农业的优势已开始显现。“眼下正是一年中最忙的时候，我们每天要生产1700吨左右的新型肥料。”中化农业生态科技（湖北）有限公司总经理张平说，公司生产的新型肥料不仅有利于农作物根系吸收，提高肥料利用率，也可以解决土壤板结等问题，有助于改善土壤质量。　　从选材配比到实验推广，一款生物质新型肥料的诞生并不容易。张平介绍：“我们的专家团队会根据不同地区的土壤情况，在新型化肥中添加不同的生物元素，再经过不断验证，配比出最适宜某个地区的生物质新型肥料。

八 | 在农作物生长的过程中，还会根据不同农作物不同阶段的生长需求，不断研发和改进肥料。”　　为了让农民更了解生物质新型肥料，江陵县专门建设了水稻实验示范田。“我们在示范田使用的都是生物质新型肥料，水稻产量很高，每1000平方米的土地施肥只需要新型化肥40公斤，肥料使用量下降。通过科学配方施肥，在水稻生长期我们不需要过多追肥。”江陵县农业技术推广中心副主任张文娟说，县里还会经常邀请农民前往示范田参观，让他们更了解使用新型肥料和科学施肥的好处。　　金融活水精准支持生物制造企业。“我们将生产生物质新型肥料的企业作为授信支持的重点方向，对这些企业执行减费让利等相关政策，减免授信过程中的评估费、保险费等。”交通银行荆州分行主要负责人张剑说，该行充分运用中国人民银行科技创新再贷款为客户提供低息资金支持，已累计为中化农业生态科技（湖北）有限公司发放贷款9400万元，签发银票2.2亿元。　　“下一步，我们将结合新肥料、新技术推广，争取新型肥料的财政补贴，依托科研、教学、推广等多方力量，建立肥料新产品示范展示平台。”江陵县农业农村局党组书记、局长何文平说。　　政策合力促进创新成果转化　　向工业尾气要热量、要蛋白，是北京首钢朗泽科技股份有限公司探索出的一条创新之路。

九 | 　　“细菌在发酵罐里生长繁殖，靠的就是不停‘吃’含碳尾气，并代谢出生物乙醇。”北京首钢朗泽科技股份有限公司副总经理巩刚伦说，企业自主研发的合成生物技术，可以将含有一氧化碳、二氧化碳的工业尾气直接转化为生物乙醇及新型饲料蛋白等高附加值产品。　　通过公司现场一套微缩装置模型，巩刚伦向记者介绍了工业尾气变废为宝的过程：工业尾气通过管道进入转化装置，经过净化后进入发酵单元——6个20多米高的发酵罐，细菌就在这里“吃”掉尾气，20余秒就能转化出乙醇，经过蒸馏脱水提纯后即是乙醇成品。而提纯后剩余的发酵液再经分离、干燥，得到另一产品——饲料蛋白。

十 | 整个过程可对尾气“吃干榨净”，没有二次污染物排放。　　细菌培育只是这项技术的起点。巩刚伦说，最难的是规模放大过程中面临的不可控因素。

十一 | 换句话说，细菌在实验室的瓶瓶罐罐里可以表现得很好，但放大到几百立方米的工业级大罐里，如何保证其跟在实验室中一样性能稳定及精确控制，这才是难点。　　多年来，首钢朗泽通过持续不断的科技创新，首先让菌种适应工业气体环境、提高发酵转化率和稳定性，在中试平台打通全系统工艺流程。2018年5月，全球首套钢铁工业尾气生物发酵制燃料乙醇项目正式投产，成功实现了气体连续发酵集成技术的产业化、规模化应用，完成了从“0”到“1”的突破。此后一批产业化项目在宁夏、贵州等地推广复制。

十二 | 目前，企业已投产运行4个项目，可年产21万吨乙醇、2.5万吨饲料蛋白。　　《规划》明确，我国将统筹利用各级各类相关财政资金支持生物经济发展，加大对生物相关科技创新和产品服务的支持力度。“财政金融资源的支持对公司的成长壮大发挥了重要作用。”巩刚伦向记者一一细数：2016年以来，首钢朗泽经历了5轮融资，先后引入国内外多个重要股东；增值税留抵退税政策极大减轻了企业的资金压力；各级政府针对高新技术企业给予的各类财政补助累积下来也是不小的金额……　　有了资金底气，首钢朗泽的创新脚步不停歇。“我们的项目在国内可应用可复制的领域非常多，包括钢铁冶金、石油炼化、电石化工等领域。公司目前储备的项目比较多，都在积极推进中。”巩刚伦说。

十三 | 　　工业和信息化部表示，将聚焦生物制造、人工智能、数字技术、商业航天、内河船舶、低空经济等领域挖掘早期硬科技项目，引导金融资本、社会资本、产业资本接续投入；广东省表示，将统筹用好科技创新、先进制造业等专项资金，加大对生物制造前沿和颠覆性技术创新的支持力度……　　“生物制造产业当前迎来了重要的发展机遇。

十四 | 合成生物学是一门复杂的学科，研究成果从实验室到工业应用，是一个漫长的过程，需要政、产、学、研、用等方面联合起来，打通各个链条的制约因素，让科技创新真正赋能产业发展。

十五 | ”清华大学合成与系统生物学中心主任陈国强表示。（     葛孟超 王云娜 吴 君）　　《 人民日报 》（ 2024年04月22日 18 版）。

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